The first state that appeared on the territory
of Khersonshchyna in the VII
century B.C. was Scythia. The following period of settlement
and establishment of Khersonshchyna was connected with Kyiv Rus’. In the
XVIII century territories of left bank Khersonshchyna have been adjoined
to Russian. Since then initiated intensive settling and development of
Prychornomor’ye.
Necessity to found the Black sea fleet
conditioned establishment of the city of Kherson
in 1778 with a yard and fortress.
Khersons’ka oblast’ in its modern context was established on March
30, 1944.
Political
division
The number of administrative districts of Kherson
oblast’ is 18: Beryslavs’ky, Bilozers’ky, Velykolepetyns’ky,
Velykooleksandrivs’ky, Verkhnyorohachyts’ky, Vysokopils’ky, Henichens’ky,
Holoprystans’ky, Hornostajivs’ky, Ivanivs’ky, Kalanchats’ky, Kakhovs’ky,
Nyzhnyosirohoz’ky, Novovorontsovs’ky, Novotrojits’ky, Skadovs’ky,
Tsyurupyns’ky, Chaplyns’ky.
Districts in the cities –
3: Kherson (349,6 thousand
people), Nova Kakhovka (55,6 thousand people), Kakhovka (41,5 thousand
people).
Authority
Leadership of Kherson regional state administration is composed of
the Head, the first deputy of the Head, deputy of the Head of information
sphere, religion, nationalities, culture, sport; deputy of the Head of
energy, industry, transport, and communication; deputy of the Head of
building, communal services and motor road economy; deputy of the Head on
territory development and foreign economic relations; deputy of the Head
of agriculture and food, trade, consumer services of the population;
deputy of the Head on political and legal issues and deputy of the Head
on organizational staff activity of regional state administration on
organization, legal, personnel and inspection work.
Heads of local state administrations according to the Law of
Ukraine on local state administrations form the composition of local
state administrations.
Within budget assignments, prescribed for corresponding local
state administrations support, their heads define the structure of local
state administrations.
Enumeration of offices,
departments and other structural subdivisions of local state
administrations as well as typical provisions are ratified by the Cabinet
of Ministers of Ukraine.
Borders
Khersonshchyna borders on the east upon Zaporizhya, on the
northern west – Mykolayiv, on the north – Dnipropetrovs’k regions, on the
south upon the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. Extension of the frontier
on the territory of Khersonshchyna
is 485 km, including 350 km upon the Black Sea and 108 km the AzovSea. There are 4 check-points:
aero, river port, ports of Kherson
and Skadovs’k.
Population
Total number of the population is 1237 thousand people; density of
population is 43 people on 1 sq. km. There are 9 cities, 30 urban villages,
660 villages. The largest cities are Kherson,
Nova Kakhovka, Kakhovka, Tsyurupyns’k.
Population compound:
city-dwellers – 745,4 thousand people or 61,5%; villagers – 467,6
thousand people or 38,5%; men – 565,4 thousand people or 46,7% of resident
population; women – 644,6 thousand people or 53,3%; pensioners – 317,4
thousand people, 26,2%; density of population on 1 sq. km – 43 people.
Economic
potential
Industry
Kherson region is an
industrial agrarian region with highly developed agriculture and varied
industry. The region supplies 35% of national electric machine
production, 24% - of cotton cloth, 5,8% of grain and sunflower seed.In the structure of industry production of the
region the greatest relative density have food industry, mechanical
engineering and metal-working, power industry. Segment of foodstuffs in
the structure of ware production of national consumption is 75%. In
general there are 181 industry enterprises in the regional that have
their independent balance besides there are 380 small industry
enterprises.
Agriculture
In 1999 the gross grain yield was about 1369,2 thousand tons, sugar
beets – 43,4 thousand tons, sunflower seeds – 141,3 thousand tons,
potatoes – 180,8 thousand tons. It also produced 91,5 thousand tons of
meat, 338,9 thousand tons of milk and 211,9 million eggs. At the
beginning of 1999 there were 3021 farms in the region.
Culture and traditions
The region has 69 territories and objects of natural preserve and cultural
and historical fund, 2 biosphere preserves, 5 special natural preserves,
Askaniya-Nova (all of them are state); 7 local reserves, 32 memorials of
nature; 12 parks – memorials of landscape art, 10 reserve tracts.
The most interesting historical and cultural places are: monuments
of architecture of the XVIII-XIX centuries, museum of local lore and art
in the city of Kherson,
allocation of Oleshkivs’ka Sich’ in 1711-28 by Tsyurupyns’k, museum of
flora and fauna of the Southern Ukraine,
dendropark in Askaniya-Nova.
Nature and
ecology
Landscape – flat surface, the most part of the territory is
situated in steppe zone. Water resources: washed by the Black
Sea and the AzovSea,
the principal river – Dnipro. In the frameworks of the region there is
the major part of Kakhovs’k reservoir, and Dniprovs’ky estuary. Soil –
mainly chernozem. Climate: moderately continental. Rainfalls – 350-500
mm. Minerals: bowels are rich in cement loam and brick earth, glass
sands, marl, lime, salt, peat, gas.
