The first period of the Ukrainian
State system building dates back to the time of the Central Council (TsentralnaRada) foundation
(March 17, 1917), which passed the first legislative act – Decree I
(Universal). Universal IV formed the basis of Independent Ukraine
(January 22, 1918) and declared the Constitution adoprtion
as one of the most important objectives. Draft Constitution of the
Ukrainian People’s Republic was adopted at the last session of the
Central Council on April 29, 1918. (Stature on political system, rights
and freedoms of UPR).
The second period of the Ukrainian
state building is connected with the Hetmans’ period. On April 29, 1918 a
meeting of grain-growers took place in Kyiv with the participation of
8000 delegates, at which PavloSkoropadsjkyj was unanimously elected Hetman of
Ukraine. That day “Laws on interim political system of Ukraine” was
proclaimed, which were supposed to serve a Constitution of State till the
Seym convocation. But the Seym
was never convoked. According to this interim Constitution, Hetman ruled
in Ukraine and appointed Otaman of Cabinet Council,
and Otaman, in his turn, submitted his Cabinet
for approval.
Leadership
People’s deputies elect the Chairman of the VekhovnaRada of Ukraine by secret ballot, which governs
the VerkhovnaRada.
The Chairman of the VerkhovnaRada of Ukraine (the Constitution of Ukraine, Article
88):
- presides at meetings of the VerkhovnaRada of Ukraine;
- organizes the preparation
of issues for consideration at the meetings of the VerkhovnaRada of Ukraine;
- signs acts adopted by the VerkhovnaRada of Ukraine;
- represents the VerkhovnaRada of Ukraine
in relations with other bodies of state authority of Ukraine and with the
state authorities of other states;
- organizes the work of the
staff of the VerkhovnaRada
of Ukraine;
- holds sessions of the
Councils of Facture Heads and Committee Heads, at which the agenda is
discussed. The agenda of the session shall be approved in the VerkhovnaRada sitting.
The first Deputy Chairman and the Deputy
Chairman assist the Chairman of the VerkhovnaRada of Ukraine. People’s Deputies elect them by secret
ballot at the Chairman’s suggestion.
Corresponding secretariats provide
work for the Chairman of the VerkhovnaRada of Ukraine and his Deputies.
Structure
The Chairman of the VerkhovnaRada of Ukraine;
the First Deputy Chairman of the VRU; the Deputy Chairman of the VRU;
Head of personnel; the VerkhovnaRada Personnel; the VerkhovnaRada Committees; Administrative Department of
the VerkhovnaRada of
Ukraine.
Tasks
The authority and objectives of the VerkhovnaRada of Ukraine
comprise: 1) introducing amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine within
the limits and by the procedure envisaged by Chapter XIII of this Constitution;
2) designating an All-Ukrainian referendum on issues determined by
Article 73 of this Constitution; 3) adopting laws; 4) approving the State
Budget of Ukraine and introducing amendments to it; controlling the
implementation of the State Budget of Ukraine, adopting decisions in
regard to the report on its implementation; 5) determining the principles
of domestic and foreign policy; 6) approving national programs of
economic, scientific and technical, social, national and cultural
development, and the protection of the environment;7) designating elections of the
President of Ukraine within the termsenvisaged by this Constitution; 8) hearing annual and special
messages of the President of Ukraine on the domestic and foreign
situation of Ukraine; 9) declaring war on the submission of the President
of Ukraine and concluding peace, approving decisions of the President of
Ukraine on the use of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military
formations in the event of armed aggression against Ukraine; 10) removing
the President of Ukraine from office in accordance with the special
procedure (impeachment) established by Article 111 of this Constitution;
11) considering and adopting the decision in regard to the approval of
the Program of Activity of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine; 12) giving
consent to the appointment of the Prime Minister of Ukraine by the President
of Ukraine; 13) exercising control over the activity of the Cabinet of
Ministers of Ukraine in accordance with this Constitution; 14) confirming
decisions on granting loans and aid by Ukraine to foreign states and
international organizations and also decisions on Ukraine receiving loans
not envisaged by the State Budget of Ukraine from foreign states, banks
and international financial organizations, exercising control over their
use; 15) appointing or electing to office, dismissing from office, giving
consent to the appointment to and dismissal from office of persons in the
cases envisaged by this Constitution; 16) appointing to office and
dismissing from office the Head and other members of the Chamber of
Accounting; 17) appointing to office and dismissing from office the Authorized
Human Rights Representative of the VerkhovnaRada of Ukraine, hearing his or her annual reports on
the situation of the observance and protection of human rights and
freedoms in Ukraine; 18) appointing to office and dismissing from office
the Chairman of the National Bank of Ukraine on the submission of the
President of Ukraine; 19) appointing and dismissing one-half of the
composition of the Council of the National Bank of Ukraine; 20) appointing
one-half of the composition of the national Council of Ukraine on
Television and Broadcasting; 21) appointing to office and terminating the
authority of the members of the Central Electoral Commission on the
submission of the President of Ukraine; 22) confirming the general
structure and numerical strength, defining the functions of the Armed
Forces of Ukraine, the Security Service of Ukraine, other military formations
created in accordance with the laws of Ukraine and also the Ministry of
Internal Affairs of Ukraine.
Legal basis
The VerkhovnaRada of Ukraine acts in accordance with the
Constitution of Ukraine, Laws of Ukraine and Law on elections of People’s
Deputies and international documents.
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